DoS (Denial of Service)

DoS or Denial of Service is an attack that seeks to make a machine or network unavailable to its intended users.

Attacks are accomplished in a few different ways; the most typical is to flood the machine or network with large amounts of requests in an attempt to overload the system; flooding the server with requests prevents legitimate requests from being processed; this is the “denial of service” because your request cannot be processed.

In the U.S., denial-of-service attacks are illegal. It may constitute a federal crime under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, with penalties including years of imprisonment.

Types of Attacks

There are many types of DoS attacks; one is DDoS (Distributed Denial-of-Service). Attackers first prepare an attack by building a “BotNet,” or a network of infected machines, by spreading malicious software via email, websites, and social media. The Botnet is then controlled remotely, sending an overwhelming amount of requests to a server, taking it down.

Botnet

Botnets can also be sold cheaply, which means anyone, anywhere in the world, can attack and bring down a website, big or small.

Dos Attack

One efficiently executed DoS attack type is launched from a single origin. A single device/computer issues a barrage of network requests for a target victim machine. For example, a person can perform ICMP flooding via ping requests or HTTP requests against a web server, bringing it down.

In a DDoS attack, the incoming traffic flooding the victim originates from hundreds of thousands of sources. When spreading across many points of origin, distinguishing legitimate user traffic from attack traffic is very hard. One effective way to stop the attack is to block a single IP address.

There are some steps you can take to reduce these attacks:

Install and maintain antivirus software.
Install a firewall to restrict incoming and outgoing traffic on your computer.
Follow good security practices for distributing your email address.
Regular Security Audits: Periodically assess your systems for vulnerabilities. This includes testing your web applications, configuring your firewalls correctly, and ensuring all software is up to date.

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DoS attack is not a result of the theft of information

Yes, DoS is not necessarily theft or a loss of security; it can cost a person or company a lot of time and money. DoS can also affect computer systems by destroying programs and files. Sometimes, DoS attacks force websites accessed by millions of people to temporarily drop operations.

A denial-of-service attack is an incident in which a user or organization is deprived of the services of a resource they would normally expect to have. And like viruses, DoS attacks are constantly being dreamed up by hackers. Examples of DoS attacks include the Ping of Death and Teardrop attacks, which exploit limitations in TCP/IP.

Websites not available

Denial-of-service attacks cause the shutdown of major websites across the internet. This problem can mainly affect customers’ companies. In a denial-of-service attack, an attacker attempts to prevent users from accessing information or services. By targeting computer and network connections, the attacker can prevent users from accessing emails, websites, and online accounts.

A DoS attack occurs when someone uses a single IP address to flood a server with requests. Such places require the most amount of resources. The number of requests that need more RAM, and when it fills up, SWAP starts being used to handle them. SWAP is a Linux term for virtual memory; it’s temporary space on the hard disk used when RAM is full.

Unable to Process a Web Page

Usually, SWAP is used only for processes that are idle for long periods, while physical RAM handles active processes. Once SWAP is used for active processes, it makes it much harder for the CPU to handle, because SWAP, stored on the hard disk, is much slower than physical RAM. In some cases, more RAM will allow your server to handle some DDoS attacks better, to a point.

Then there’s the point when more RAM can’t help you, and the CPU can’t handle the requests. In this case, it’s either a better server with a better CPU or server load balancing, which distributes the attack (or traffic) across multiple servers. Sometimes it may not be a DDoS attack. It could be a very aggressive search engine bot trying to index a site.

Shared Hosting

If you’re on shared hosting, this can happen to any client on the same server, affecting you. It can also be the total traffic the server accumulates from clients on that server.

Blocking IP Addresses

If you get attacked from a single IP address, you can effectively mitigate the threat by blocking that IP address from reaching your site via the server config. It can be stopped at the router/switch in the worst-case scenario. Multiple IP addresses can be tricky; sometimes, the only thing you can do in that case is load balancing. Denial of service occurs when a system is overwhelmed, so that messages cannot be processed or are processed very slowly.

There have been many recorded DDoS attacks on companies, including one that was reasonably major in January 2016 on the CNN website. The episode reached 602 Gbps, almost double the previous record. This effectively brought down the CNN website, and a group called New World Hacking claimed responsibility.

Hacker Groups

Many hacker groups regularly attack websites, the most infamous of these being: Lizard Squad, Syrian Electronic Army, LulzSec, Anonymous, The Level Seven Crew, NCPH, CCC, global Hell, Iran’s Tarh Andishan, and TeaMp0isoN. Lizard Squad is infamous for their attack on Xbox One and PlayStation, which took both systems down on Christmas of 2014 and caused widespread unrest because they stole over 100 terabytes of data from Sony.

Syrian Electronic Army

The Syrian Electronic Army has been known to target opposing political groups while they support Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. LulzSec was eventually shut down, but is known for its attacks on companies such as Fox, X-Factor U.S., PBS, Bethesda Studios, and the PlayStation Network.

Anonymous

Probably the most infamous of all is Anonymous, which is seen by many as good hackers because they have made many significant attacks against things such as the Church of Scientology. They attacked the Church of Scientology in response to their trying to remove material from an interview with Tom Cruise, a known Scientologist.

Another good deed that Anonymous accomplished was when they attacked sites on the deep web, often used by pedophiles for things such as child pornography, or when BART police shot an unarmed passenger. Retaliate Anonymous released the info of many users on MYBART.org and even went as far as to release nude photos of the company’s spokesman.

HBGary Federal’s CEO claimed to have obtained the details of Anonymous’s members and would release them to the public.

Anonymous did not like this for obvious reasons and retaliated by hacking their website and copying thousands of documents, which they released online after the FBI shut down MegaUpload due to copyright infringement. Anonymous retaliated in a sort of way, shutting down the Motion Picture Association of America and the Recording Industry Association of America’s websites.

Another example is when Trump publicly stated that he wanted all Muslims banned from entering the United States of America; Anonymous retaliated by shutting down the Trump Tower website.

Denial-of-service attacks have become a significant threat to computer networks.

Companies use the DoS attack to knock out their competitors. Attackers threaten online businesses with DoS attacks and ask for payment for protection. For example, normal computer users can also become DoS attackers when they express their views against organizations with policies they disagree.

A denial-of-service attack is an effort to make a computer system unavailable. It targets web, mail, and name servers. When servers have firewalls or other web security software installed, it is easy to lock out individual systems. Therefore, a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack involves multiple systems simultaneously.

DDoS attack tells all coordinated systems to send a stream of requests to a specific server simultaneously. When a server cannot respond to those requests, denial-of-service attacks succeed. They can be a simple ping or a complex series of packets.

DoS is a significant issue that needs better tools to prevent it. In the current “informational age,” people’s personal information is widely available on the internet. We should take steps to help protect it from malicious sources.

The Dual Role of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have become powerful tools for both attackers and defenders, creating a new front in the battle for cybersecurity.

AI in Attack Strategies

Attackers are increasingly using AI to automate and optimize their campaigns. AI can identify the most vulnerable parts of a network or application, enabling highly targeted, effective attacks. An AI-powered botnet can adapt its strategy in real time based on the defensive measures it encounters, probing for weaknesses and shifting its attack vector to bypass security protocols. This creates an intelligent, persistent adversary that is far more formidable than a static, pre-programmed attack script.

AI as a Defensive Shield

On the other side, AI is the cornerstone of modern DoS and DDoS protection. Advanced security solutions leverage machine learning algorithms to establish a baseline of normal network traffic. By continuously monitoring data flow, these systems can instantly identify anomalies that signal a potential attack—whether it’s a massive volumetric flood or a subtle low-and-slow attempt.

When an attack is detected, an AI-driven defense can automatically reroute malicious traffic, block suspect IP addresses, and adapt security rules without human intervention. This rapid, automated response is critical for mitigating attacks before they can cause significant downtime or damage. For any business serious about its online presence, investing in AI-powered security is no longer an option; it is a necessity.

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